Optimization of combining controlled-release urea of different release period and normal urea improved rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency

Controlled-release urea (CRU) and normal have been shown to improve yield nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in rice. However, the effects of combined fertilizers (CRU urea, at different N ratios) on rice yield, temperature solar radiation utilization (TSRUE) NUEs remain unclear. In this study, CRU with release periods 60 days 100 were mixed ratios 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6 3:7 applied during rice-growing season a rice-wheat cropping system. Rice dry matter accumulation (DMA), TSRUE investigated. The yields under one-time fertilization mode 2 (OFM2) OFM8 5.36%-9.70% higher than that farmer practices (FFP) average across 2018 2019. OFM2 was 3.87%-35.56% 6.26%-58.56% FFP, respectively, Correlation analysis showed significantly positively correlated DMA NUEs. contributed synergistic improvement Both improved compared FFP while having lower fertilizer labor costs; therefore, these treatments are worthy promotion application.